Supplementation
Multivitamins: When They Help and When They Don’t
A physician-level discussion on multivitamin use, emphasizing deficiency risk, dietary gaps, and realistic expectations.
Dr. Maya Chen
Published February 1, 2025
Last reviewed February 1, 2025
Food supplements are not a substitute for a varied diet. Claims shown are authorised where indicated.
Clinical Context
Multivitamins are best viewed as nutritional insurance rather than performance enhancers. Their value is greatest when dietary intake is inconsistent or restrictive.
Evidence Snapshot
- Deficiency Prevention: Helpful for individuals with limited food variety or specific dietary patterns.
- Performance: No consistent evidence for strength or endurance improvements in well-nourished adults.
Who May Benefit
Older adults, individuals with restrictive diets, and those with absorption issues may benefit from low-dose multivitamins or targeted supplementation based on labs.
Safety Considerations
Avoid megadose formulations without indication. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) can accumulate; dosing should remain within established upper limits unless supervised.
Bottom Line
Multivitamins are most effective as a gap-filling strategy, not a substitute for nutrient-dense dietary patterns.